Kennel Cough in Dogs: What Every Dog Owner Needs to Know

Introduction

Kennel cough, also known as canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is a common and highly contagious upper respiratory tract disease in dogs. The symptoms resemble those of a cold in humans—the disease is often mild, but can become more serious in weakened or older dogs.

Causes and risk factors

Kennel cough is not caused by a single pathogen, but rather by a combination of various bacteria and viruses. The canine parainfluenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica are particularly significant, but adenoviruses, herpesviruses, influenza viruses, and mycoplasmas may also be involved. This diversity explains why symptoms can vary from dog to dog.

How do dogs get infected?

The disease is primarily spread through droplet transmission—that is, via coughing, sneezing, or close contact with an infected dog. Sniffing other dogs or sharing toys can also lead to transmission. After infection, it usually takes 3–10 days for the first symptoms to appear. Dogs that have frequent contact with other dogs—such as at dog training schools, boarding facilities, or on busy walking paths—are particularly at risk.

Recognize signs

Symptoms in uncomplicated cases:

• An intermittent, spasmodic, dry cough that sounds like "choking," as if the dog has something stuck in its throat. The cough can often be triggered by applying light pressure to the windpipe
• mild discharge from the eyes and nose
• The general condition is usually normal or only slightly impaired

Symptoms in cases with complications:

• Loss of appetite, poor overall condition, apathy
• Cough, runny nose, and watery eyes
• fever
• breathing difficulties

Although severe cases are less common, they can occur, particularly in high-risk patients such as older dogs, animals with chronic respiratory diseases, or those with weakened immune systems. Whether a dog develops a mild or severe case depends both on the strength of its immune system and on which pathogen or combination of pathogens is involved. Since symptoms can vary widely and some cases can deteriorate rapidly, it is always advisable to seek veterinary advice if you are unsure.

Many issues can also be effectively assessed via telemedicine—Calingo customers benefit from 24/7 consultations right from the comfort of their own homes.

diagnosis

In most cases, a thorough medical history is sufficient for diagnosis: Has the dog recently been in contact with many other dogs, or has it been at a boarding facility? Does it exhibit the typical cough? That is usually all that is needed. Additional tests such as X-rays, blood tests, or a bronchoalveolar lavage are only necessary in complicated or severe cases. A simple swab from the nose or throat to detect pathogens is of little help, as some pathogens, such as Bordetella, are also found in healthy dogs.

therapy

Treatment depends on the course of the illness. Uncomplicated cases usually resolve on their own. Rest, avoiding stress, and taking it easy are important. If necessary, cough suppressants may be used—but only if the cough is dry; for a productive cough, a cough suppressant would be counterproductive. The dog must stay at home during the illness and avoid contact with other dogs. Complicated cases sometimes require additional measures such as saline inhalations, expectorants, bronchodilators, or—if a bacterial infection is present—antibiotic treatment. Early veterinary care improves the prognosis and minimizes the risk of complications.

Are there any home remedies for kennel cough?

Many dog owners wonder if they can help their pet with home remedies when it has kennel cough. The most important thing a dog needs during this time is rest and quiet. Physical exertion, excitement, and rough play should be avoided at all costs, as they can worsen the cough and prolong the healing process.
Inhalations can provide some relief, even if they aren’t always easy to administer to animals. However, many dogs tolerate it well if you let them sit in a small room—such as the bathroom—while hot water is running and warm steam builds up. The moist air can hydrate the airways and make coughing up phlegm easier.
You can also increase the humidity in your home. You can do this either with a humidifier or simply by placing a bowl of water on the radiator. Regular ventilation also helps create a comfortable indoor climate that is less irritating to the airways.
However, home remedies are no substitute for veterinary treatment if your dog is coughing severely, develops a fever, or their overall condition worsens. If you notice any of these signs, you should always seek veterinary advice!

How can I prevent infection?

The prevention of kennel cough essentially rests on two key pillars: vaccination and the consistent isolation of sick dogs.

• Vaccination: Parainfluenza and adenovirus are included in the standard combination vaccine.
  A nasal vaccine can also provide protection against Bordetella.
• Isolate sick dogs—no contact with other dogs for at least 2 weeks after symptoms subside!

Can a vaccinated dog still get kennel cough?

The answer is: Yes, that is possible. Since there are many different pathogens, no vaccine offers complete protection. However, the disease usually takes a much milder course in vaccinated dogs.

Conclusion

Although kennel cough is bothersome and highly contagious, in most cases it is harmless and easy to manage. With rest, a little patience, and the proper precautions, the condition can be effectively controlled. However, in cases of severe symptoms or for high-risk patients, do not hesitate to seek veterinary care.

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